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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety affects 40 million people in the United States. It's extremely treatable with various types of medication available.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. They're not addictive, unlike benzodiazepines.

SSRIs

The most common anxiety medication is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac). These medications can also treat depression, and they can alleviate the symptoms of anxiety disorders, like obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd and anxiety treatment). It can take up to one month before they begin working.

These medications are effective by increasing the quantity of certain chemical transmitters within the brain. This includes serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. They're typically the first treatment option for anxiety, though doctors may also prescribe other kinds of antidepressants and benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants, such as duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine, (Effexor) are also used for anxiety. They work a little differently from SSRIs in that they reduce the reabsorption rate of norepinephrine and serotonin, although at lower levels than SSRIs. These medications take a long time to be effective and are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine Tofranil can be effective in treating anxiety disorders. However, their drowsiness and other adverse reactions make them less popular. Another form of antidepressant is monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are also able to be used to combat anxiety. However, their strict dietary restrictions and the high risk of toxicity limit their use.

Benzodiazepines are frequently used to combat anxiety and panic attacks in the short term like when you wait for SSRIs or SNRIs to begin working. These drugs can lead to addiction to tolerance, sedation, and dependence and withdrawal symptoms like a rebound anxiety, depression and delirium. Common benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax) and Clonazepam (Klonopin) and lorazepam (Ativan).

Therapy is an essential part of any anxiety treatment plan. It assists you to better know your symptoms and their root causes. Many people discover that medication and therapy both aid in coping. Some studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy can be just as effective as anxiety medications. Talk to your doctor to find out what's right for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines produce an calming effect, reduce anxiety and relax muscles that are tense. They also alleviate symptoms of fear-related bodily arousal (like heart racing and shaking) and promote sleep.

The way they work is by binding to inhibitory neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutryic acid or GABA which is a receptor in the central nervous system. They increase the effects of GABA by facilitating the inhibitory effect of GABA on other neurotransmitters, and reducing the number of messages sent to the amygdala. This is a part of the brain that is able to detect the threat and triggers a feeling of fear.

These drugs can be used for short durations for instance, when you experience a panic attack or when you experience extreme anxiety. They can relieve symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes. In contrast to SSRIs they don't stay in the body for very long. They are fast acting and can be effective within a few hours. This makes them suitable for situations in which quick relief is required (such for instance, on an airplane or prior to presenting in public).

They can be addictive, so people are usually prescribed them for a maximum of 4 weeks at a time. They also lose their effectiveness after a period of time.

One of the reasons why benzodiazepines are so popular is that they are effective and have few negative effects compared to predecessors, such as barbiturates or meprobamate. They are fast in the onset of action and are extremely effective as anxiolytics (anti-anxiety) as well as sedatives and anticonvulsants, as well as for muscle relaxants.

Benzos are often blamed for the negative perceptions of anxiety that developed in the 1970s and 1980s. This included the trivialization of the disorder and the perception that benzodiazepine treatment causes physical dependence. Despite this they play an important role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, specifically in conjunction with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos may interact with other medications and trigger unwanted side effects, like drowsiness or confusion. It is important to inform your doctor about any prescription, nonprescription, or herbal medications that you currently take or are planning to take. Take a look at the British National Formulary A to Z list of medication interactions to find out what medications are safe with benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can be effective in treating anxiety and mental illnesses. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved antidepressants to treat other health issues, such as bipolar disorder, eating disorders and certain kinds of pain.

SSRIs are usually prescribed as a first-line treatment option for anxiety by doctors, but they might not work for all people. If they aren't working doctors might try the older type of antidepressant known as tricyclic or tetracyclic an antidepressant. These include amitriptyline and nortriptyline as well as clomipramine. These antidepressants are not as popular but are still readily available. Your doctor may also prescribe the antidepressant with a sedating effect, Trazodone (Desyrel) in lower doses for sleep or anxiety.

Nefazodone, a.k.a Ferdinand (Cymbalta), and duloxetine are also beneficial. They are also available in generic forms. If they aren't working, your physician can try the tranquilizing antidepressant mirtazapine (Remeron) or the antipsychotics quetiapine and olanzapine.

Other medications for anxiety disorders include beta blockers, which decrease the heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the action of adrenaline. These drugs aren't usually used to treat anxiety on their own however they can be helpful when combined with psychotherapy.

Psychotherapy can assist you to change negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute towards your anxiety. It can help you to manage your anxiety and develop coping skills. Depending on the severity of your situation, exposure therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy might be recommended. Cognitive behavioural therapy teaches you to challenge fears and thoughts that are harmful, and overcome your fear of situations which trigger anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the intensity of anxiety-inducing situations until you can cope with the stressors. It can be performed either in a group, or by yourself. In both instances, it takes time to show results. Some people believe that the combination of psychotherapy and medication is the best option. Some people find that medication alone is enough to manage symptoms. Tell your doctor how you manage your symptoms.

Other Medicines

Other medications can also help alleviate your symptoms. Beta blockers, antihistamines and buspirone are all prescribed to alleviate anxiety.

These drugs can correct an imbalance in the brain's chemicals and can alleviate symptoms by reducing or blocking the signals that can cause stress and fear. They're not a panacea. You will still require a variety of methods to reduce anxiety, like physical exercise relaxation techniques, relaxation techniques and psychological therapy.

Your doctor might first prescribe one of the "first first" anxiety medication, which includes SSRIs and SNRIs. These are the most effective drugs to treat anxiety disorders, according to research studies. The most common SSRIs include sertraline (Zoloft) as well as fluoxetine (Prozac) and Citropram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro). These medications may cause mild side effects such as nausea and insomnia, but they usually disappear within 4-8 weeks. They aren't addictive, and they do not increase the risk of suicidal ideas.

The benzodiazepines alprazolam (Xanax) as well as Clonazepam (Klonopin), and diazepoxide (Valium) offer immediate relief from panic attacks and anxiety, but they can have side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, memory and coordination issues, as well as dependence. They're not as popular than the older barbiturates, however, they're equally efficient.

Antihistamines like Vistaril (hydroxyzine) were originally created to treat allergies. However they also serve to alleviate anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine has a calming effect by blocking the histamine receptors. It is not a controlled drug, so it does not carry the same risks of addiction as benzodiazepines.

Another type of medication that may help with anxiety is a class called anticonvulsants. They have been shown to ease anxiety by interfering with the production and release of serotonin and dopamine. They might be prescribed in conjunction with other medications or as a short-term treatment for anxiety. Your doctor will assess your symptoms and health history to determine if these medications are appropriate for you. They'll also discuss How to treat anxiety without meds long you should take them for and any possible side effects. Anxiety medications are only available through prescription, and you'll need a psychiatrist to prescribe it.